Sound-record tablet.



l. n.m. nun-ran mi. s, no?.

l ,3. a. normanna.

BOUND RECORD TABLET. Annunci nu "0.19.10". f

cAsEIN on [msm cmnoum:v

IAIL i.

nvaox nooLnsMrrn, or New Yoan. N.' i'.

souNomEcono'rAsLi-:n

lo. 840,932. v

To nllfu'lmnh it muy comu-rn:

Beit knewtfthat.. l, Bvnox B. Gonnsxirrii, a citizen of the United States, and a resident. of New York, in the county and Stnte'of New York, have invented certi-iii new and useful Improvements in Sound-Record Tablets, of which the followin v is it specification.l

Mv invention has retlercnce to iniprvt nien'ts in sound-record tablets, known in the art as plionograpln graphophoneLitnd gramophone" tablets, the object'ofthe invention being the production of such tablets of a new coniimsition lot matter which poslessee characteristics that particularlyiit apt the saine Ifor the making,r of sound -record tablets'.

l-Ierctofore commercial sound-record tablets have been made primarily of beeswax, afterward of mineral waxes, metallic soaps, hard rubber, cclliiloid, and shelhic, and with all `or with most of these substances -havebeen mixed, and particularly with slietlae, other substances n a lately-divided state.

`In these tablets the recent-grooves were matrix.

according to the nature of the material emplo 'ed, either cut byI a suitable recording#- iity c or were produced by transfer iressurc from a suitab y-prepared matrix. he cutting of a record-groove in record-tablets that are used for reproduction only luis become largely obsolete, and it is new. almost the universaljpraetice to produce these rec.- ord-grooves by transfer pressure from a rial must be inoldable when the transfer is made and must then become hard and nonplastic. The materials now used are generally of a character thii t1 they become plastic when heated and hard at ordinary temperatures-that is to say, they are thermoplasticl Shellac, with adniixtures of a' variety of cenipoonding materials, is the materia which is most largely used, particularly in sound-ret'- ord tablets of the gramop'hone t ype; but the price of shellae has more than doubled in recent years, and the cost of the tablets has increased in proportion.

My new com osition for the manufacture of sound-recon tabletsl consists of casein, either alone or. with suitable admixttires, and a number of different methods can be used for working the casein into a maas luto which the sound-record groove can be produced by transfer pressure l'roni a suitable matrix. 'l'ie mostl primitive metaal consists in takingy the casein, sliirgh` lr nioistcned.

tlpecitlcatton o! Letters Patent. anni aai maaar 1s. im. anni ia. 341.616.

For'tliis purpose the record unite-Y vrimasta nu. e, iam.

l and subjecting: il to lit-at and pressure under thcvmatrix. n.oioer method i^to treu casein wit li solutions of boriix or ii nlies and; ,i working tip the uniss in such shape that the `(io reeordgrimvt-can be pressed int-o it` by is' matrix; buty LhMe iiscoverut a' 'mrticuhu t method of working casein intti a'. inittab- ,c ordftablet, which renders the manufacture" 'J niuch easier and thi,` product much better, as will presently appear.

1 have found that by mixing certain ingredients with casein l can produce a composition which when heated softens to an desired degree, so that wlr ia tablet is 7g formed of that new "eiim] isi i .fg n" gef ceive a sound-rectird rroove by transfer sure froml a matrix with the greatest en ,I have called kthese. new casein mix uren thermoplastic casein, and I have given the name Feoiivertinig.egeiitsfjto the substances which give the casein thevaluable/ property of tlietniopliistiuity. Some f the agents which 1 have found to convert casein intoa thermoplasticst ate arealpli'a-naphthol, hetana ihthol, benzoic acid, carbolic acid, hydrocliinon, kresol, pyrocatechin, reiiercn, salicylic acid, and urea. t

There are other substances which act as converting agents on casein, and I am not limited to the agents which I haveenumcrated,although these yield ood results. The thermoplastic. casein can e usedfor the for, t mationof sound-record tablets in its pure state, and it can be mixed with other' ninteriais, such as are used as adniixtures to shellac, in the production of grainophoue-record tab-` lets. li can be given any desired color, and it can be mixed with shellac.

'lheA tablets may be made flat, disk shape 95 cvliiidrical, or of anyother desired form,ant they can be made ait taroughout theii whole mass of thermo ila #tic casein, or this material may be applied ina thin layer, either in a thiid or plastic. state, upon a base of any kind.

(,iiseiu in an of the forms in which I cniploy tlie'sauie is much cheaper than shellac or sliellac compounds or any other soumirceord material known to me. y

'lhe degree of hardness attained by the prot-hiet. in the cold state varies with the kind of converting agent employed, nml ordinarily the new composition will be softer in the eoldstate nml more plastic when heated when a .piantity of convertingr agent is ein iloyed. Liquid convertingr agents will al vor. iniirily give a stiftet' product than siii ones. and

other suitable liquid.

when a" liqtiid eonvertingagent is used in sullieient quantity' the new compound eau be made with any degree of plial'ility and llexibility iii the cold. 'l'his same resultA can bc Obtained by the Ilse of il solid converting agent with the addition ot' a liquid which is not antagonisti(` to the niixtureLsueh as glycerin. I am thus enabled to vary the hardness and thermo ilastiety ot the new sound-reeord materia throughout a veryvfide range by using dill'erent converting agents or by einpIo ing several converting agents together ani in various pro iortions and by' using dill'erent amounts oi erudecasei-n or case-in compound.'v lnthis manner l have made converted casein thatbeeanie plastic by a moderate lient aiul others that requin: the lient ol' steam at eighty pounds pressure to become plastic. i f

Acharaeteristllc of some of the converting a ents upon which the continued thermolstic Iiroperty of'tlie new composition dependa in their tendenev to remain iii tlie compound and not -to vola'tilze to any marked degree; Aitogether the converting agents be ave `with respect to and art upon the casein in t: similar manner as cani ilior upon nitrocellulose iii tht- .fairnation o. l-elluloid. Nitrtwelhilose itsellis not plastic, but becomes so when mixed witlieamphor. 3

In the practical manufacture of my new sound-record material the casein may be united with the converting agent. on and between suitably-hc l.ted rolls, the same as nitrocellulose and eamplior are united in the mannfaeture of eelluloid. Anv method, however, will answer by which the casein is brought into intimate eontaet with the eonvert-ing agent, whether or not heat and pressure be employed. Instead of using the converting agents in their natural state. I can lwith .adyantage first dissolve tliein in alcohol or water or ,A liquid which readily eva iorates is advisable.

Ilo definite roportioiis ofl the ingredients can be or neet be stated, since a wide range of proportions is' permissible, depending u o`n tie degree of hardness and thermop ast-icit aimed at.- One of the numerous practica proportions which I have-used and the manner of procedure enil'iloyed is the following: I have-used three pounds of di'y casein,onelialf iound ot betaniiphtliol,and one 'pint of alco iol.l -'llie iiiiplitliol wastirst dissolved in the alcohol, and the lsolution was sprinkled upon the casein so as to thoroughly meisten the same. The inass was then kneaded between moderately-heated rolls until it becanie uniform throughout. In this condition the mass was then rolled out into sheets or formed iiito tubes, aiidithese sheets or tubes remained flexible at ordinary temperatures until the alcohol had evapo- `between heated plates to complete t Ieither curing the rated, when they became hard at ordinary quantities ol' compounding materialsv o r iidniixtnrescan be kneiided iiiwitli tl-ieciisein on the rolls,the sinne as is done in the. iiianulacture ol' rubber and eelluloid. ,More articularly -is it praetieableto kiiead into t ie uniss scraps of waste eelluloid, finely-divided horn, rubber.- resins, gums, and coloring-matter, and in` this manner a great` variety ol' converted-casein wiiiiponiuls can be produced each having a peeuliarit of itsown. Glycerin may also be mixed iiito the mass for rendering the product more ilexible. The sheets as they come from the iiiixing-rolls or ealenders may with advantage bc pressed ie conversion.

Instead of using casein alone or casein with such admixturcs as above broadly indicated for the production ol' converted casein or converteil-casein compounds l niayuse iiiiy ol' the derivat ives ol' casein known iii the arts, auch as the compounds ol casein', with aeds, bases, aiul salts. and l wish it 'to be understood that by the term casein I iiieaii to inelude thel derivatives ol' casein, since Iliave found the latter to aet Asimilarly tothe pure casein. I

y The thermopiastic casein made as herein-v before described can be used immediately as the material for a sound-record tablet; but when greater'bardiiess of the tablet is i'equired it is necessary to embody in the mass of the thermoplastic casein such substances as liaryta. infusorial earth, powdered glass, oi' silieatesin any other finely-divided lortu of' metalli(l oxide. especially the native oxitl ol'- iron, or coi'uiidum, or eaiboi'uiiduiii. In short, all the 'adiiiixtures which are ordi- .narily used ,with slicllae in the production of graniophoiie-record tablets may be incoriorated liii the thei'nioilastic casein by liieadin" them,oraiiyol' tliein, into the mass process of conversion' 'or after the conversion.

l OO

rio

In the accompanying drawing I have, by

way of example, il ustrated a sound-record tablet. iii the forni of a'disk, whichmay be niade of my improved record material; but

the tablet ma have any other stiitalile forni and need not 'be 'made solidl of the new niatcrial, as licreiibet'ore dcseri ied. The soundieeord groove may be pressed into the uniss by a matrix just. as it cutiies from the mixingrolls, so that the tablet is formed bythe saine pressure whichV ii'iipi'esses` the sound-groove,

.or the tablet. may bc first roughly loriiied and allowed to harden, aiul the sound-record may then be iiiipi'essed at any 4time thereafter by tirst heating the blank tablet to rendcr'it soft. and iiioldable.

Altogether my new souiidfi'eeord material may be iiiariipyulated and applied like ,everyv l 5 tablet with sso,vss a other thermo lsstic material-such, for instance, assbe ac and its compounds.

B the term "sound-record tablet hereinbelore emploloed l designate not only tbe t sound-groove impressed therein, but also the tablet when it is still a blank but otherwise ready te receive a sound-recom. Therefore a aloude disk or a lsimple cylinder with no soun ve nur le pressed t iereon is understood to a soundrecord tablet if the sise and shape of the disk or cylinder vor diilerently-shaped structure is such as adapts the same to receive a soundgroeve. f x5 Having now'fully described m invention,

I claimI and desire te secure by tters Patentl. A round-recon! tablet having a recordsee of casein.

Iori' 2. A sound-record tablet having a recordsurface el casein composition.

8. A sound-record tablet having arecordsurface of thermoplastic casein, substantiallyasdcscrilml. Y

l5 4. A sound-record tablet having a recordsurface of a mixture of thermo lastic casein y andcom undi materials suistantiall as ...site Y 5. A sound-record tablet havi a record# 3o surface composed of casein and ta-naphtbol or its equivalents, substantially as de-V scribed.

0. A sound-record tablet having a record surface composed ol casein, beta-naphthol or its equivalents, and com|lxiunding materials, 35 substantially as dcseribet 7. A sound-reconl tablet of casein. i;

8. A somubrecord tablet of casein composlt/ion.

ll. A sound-record tablet formed of ther- 4e moplastic casein.

l0. A sound-record tablet formed of s mixture of thermoplastic casein and compounding materials, substantially as described. 4 4

ll. A vmound-record tablet composed of casein and beta-naphtbol or its equivalents, substantially as described.

l2. A sound-record tablet composed of casein, beta-naphtbol or its equivalents and 5e compounding materials, substantially as deg scribed. 'In testimony whereof I have signed `my nameto this specification in the presence of v two subscribing witnesses.

BYRON B. GOLDSMITl-I.

Witnesses: f G. A. Gonnsm'nx,

\ lt. Gomsm'm. 

